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Taxon:  Allium schoenoprasum L.



Summary
Genus:
Allium
Subgenus:
Cepa
Section:
Schoenoprasum
Family:
Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily:
Allioideae
Tribe:
Allieae
Nomen number:
2369
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 1:301. 1753
Verified:
06/02/2009 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
1 (1  active, 1  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Allium schoenoprasum L. subsp. latiorifolium (Pau) Rivas Mart. et al. (0 active accession[s])
Allium schoenoprasum L. subsp. orosiae P. Monts. (0 active accession[s])
Allium schoenoprasum L. subsp. schoenoprasum (0 active accession[s])
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Allium schoenoprasum L. var. alpinum DC.
Allium schoenoprasum L. var. foliosum Regel
Allium sibiricum L.
No images
Reference(s)
  1. Afonin, A. N., S. L. Greene, N. I. Dzyubenko, & A. N. Frolov, eds. Interactive agricultural ecological atlas of Russia and neighboring countries. Economic plants and their diseases, pests and weeds (on-line resource). Note: http://www.agroatlas.ru/en/content/related/Allium_schoenoprasum/
  2. Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin). 2009 Note:
    • based on Alden, B. & S. Ryman. 2005-: SKUD (Swedish Utility and Cultivated Plants Database)
    • http://www.skud.info
  3. Batra, L. R. Names of Japanese plants sorted by their Japanese names in Romanized Katakana and scientific nomenclature. 1995
  4. Brewster, J. L. 1994. Onions and other vegetable alliums. Crop Prod. Sci. Hort. 3:14.
  5. Chinese Academy of Sciences. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae. 1959-
  6. Craker, L. E. & J. E. Simon, eds. Herbs, spices, and medicinal plants, 2 vols. 1986-1987
  7. Davis, P. H., ed. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. 1965-1988
  8. Duke, J. A. et al. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. 2002
  9. Encke, F. et al. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage. 1984
  10. FNA Editorial Committee. Flora of North America. 1993- http://floranorthamerica.org/
  11. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). Note: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Allium+schoenoprasum&quantity=1
  12. Friesen, N. & F. R. Blattner. 2000. RAPD analysis reveals geographic differentiations within Allium schoenoprasum L. (Alliaceae). Pl. Biol. 2:297-305.
  13. Friesen, N. 1996. A taxonomic and chorological revision of the genus Allium L. sect. Schoenoprason Dumort.. Candollea 51:467.
  14. Havey, M. J. 1991. Phylogenetic relationships among cultivated Allium species from restriction enzyme analysis of the chloroplast genome. Theor. Appl. Genet. 81:752-757. http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/122
  15. Hitchcock, C. L. et al. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest. 1955-1969
  16. Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource). http://www.anbg.gov.au/common.names/
  17. International Seed Testing Association. A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names 1. Field crops, grasses and vegetables, ed. 2. 1982
  18. Kik, C. 2002. Chapter 4. Exploitation of wild relatives for the breeding of cultivated Allium species. Allium crop science: recent advances. 2002 81-100. Note: CABI Publications
  19. Kingsbury, J. M. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. 1964 Note: poisonous
  20. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. Flora SSSR. 1934-1964
  21. Lampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants. 1985 Note: poisonous
  22. Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia. 1993
  23. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. Hortus third. 1976
  24. Mansfeld, R. Die Kulturpflanze, Beiheft 2. 1959
  25. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. 1998
  26. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. 2000 Note: American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, MD
  27. Munro, D. B. Canadian poisonous plants information system (on-line resource). http://www.cbif.gc.ca/pls/pp/poison?p_x=px
  28. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. Flora of [West] Pakistan. 1970-
  29. Ohwi, J. Flora of Japan (Engl. ed.). 1965
  30. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource). http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
  31. Raamsdonk, L. W. D. van et al. 2000. Phylogeny reconstruction and hybrid analysis in Allium subgenus Rhizirideum. Theor. Appl. Genet. 100:1000-1009. http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/122
  32. Raamsdonk, L. W. D. van et al. 2003. Biodiversity assessment based in cpDNA and crossability analysis in selected species of Allium subgenus Rhizirideum. Theor. Appl. Genet. 107:1048-1058. http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/122
  33. Rechinger, K. H., ed. Flora iranica. 1963-
  34. Rehm, S. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. 1994
  35. Sancir, C. 1992. A revision of the genus Allium L. in the flora of Mongolian People's Republic. The genus Allium - taxonomic problems and genetic resources. Proceedings of an international symposium held at Gatersleben, Germany, June 11-13, 1991. 1992 289-296. Note: recognized in the subg. Rhizirideum sect. Schoenoprasum
  36. Scoggan, H. J. The flora of Canada, 4 vol. 1978-1979
  37. Seymour, F. The flora of New England. 1969
  38. Stearn, W. T. 1944. Notes on the genus Allium in the Old World. Herbertia 11:11-34.
  39. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. Flora europaea. 1964-1980
  40. Umehara, M. et al. 2007. Production and characterization of interspecific hybrids between Allium fistulosum L. and Allium schoenoprasum L.. Bull. Fukuoka Agric. Res. Center 26:25-30.
  41. Voss, E. Michigan flora. 1972-
  42. Weakley, A. S. Flora of the southern and middle Atlantic states. 2011 http://www.herbarium.unc.edu/flora.htm
  43. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. Flora of China (English edition). 1994- http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
Common names
English
chives –
giant garlic –
French
ciboulette –
civette –
German
Schnittlauch –
Italian
cipollina –
erba cipollina –
Japanese Rōmaji
asatsuki –
ezo-negi –
Portuguese
cebolinha-francesa –
Spanish
cebolleta –
cebollino común –
Swedish
gräslök –
Transcribed Chinese
bei cong –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusArmenia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusAzerbaijan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusGeorgia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusRussian FederationDagestan 
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusRussian Federation-CiscaucasiaCiscaucasia 
1NativeAsia-TemperateChinaChinaXinjiang 
1NativeAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapanHokkaido 
1NativeAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapanHonshu 
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaKazakhstan e.
1NativeAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaKyrgyzstan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateMongoliaMongolia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateRussian Far EastRussian FederationKamchatka 
1NativeAsia-TemperateRussian Far EastRussian FederationKhabarovsk 
1NativeAsia-TemperateRussian Far EastRussian FederationPrimorye 
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian FederationAltay 
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian FederationBuryatia 
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian FederationChita 
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian FederationGorno-Altay 
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian FederationIrkutsk 
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian FederationKemerovo 
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian FederationKrasnoyarsk 
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian FederationNovosibirsk 
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian FederationTaymyr 
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian FederationTomsk 
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian FederationTuva 
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian FederationTyumen 
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian FederationYakutia-Sakha 
1NativeAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian FederationYamal Nenets 
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIran  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIraq n.
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaTurkey e.
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentPakistan  
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeRussian FederationNenets 
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeAustria  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeCzechoslovakia  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeGermany  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeNetherlands  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropePoland  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeSwitzerland  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeDenmark  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeFinland  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeNorway  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeSweden  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeUnited Kingdom  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeBulgaria  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeGreece  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItaly  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeRomania  
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeFrance incl. Corsica
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropePortugal  
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeSpain  
1NativeNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaCanadaNew Brunswick 
1NativeNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaCanadaNewfoundland 
1NativeNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaCanadaNova Scotia 
1NativeNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaCanadaOntario 
1NativeNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaCanadaPrince Edward Island 
1NativeNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaCanadaQuebec 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesMinnesota 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesWisconsin 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesConnecticut 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesMaine 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesMassachusetts 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesMichigan 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesNew Hampshire 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesNew Jersey 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesNew York 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesOhio 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesPennsylvania 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesRhode Island 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesVermont 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesWest Virginia 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorthwestern U.S.A.United StatesColorado 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorthwestern U.S.A.United StatesIdaho 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorthwestern U.S.A.United StatesMontana 
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorthwestern U.S.A.United StatesOregonn.
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorthwestern U.S.A.United StatesWashingtone.
1NativeNorthern AmericaNorthwestern U.S.A.United StatesWyoming 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesMaryland 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSubarctic AmericaCanadaNorthwest Territory 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSubarctic AmericaCanadaYukon Territory 
1NativeNorthern AmericaSubarctic AmericaUnited StatesAlaska 
1NativeNorthern AmericaWestern CanadaCanadaAlberta 
1NativeNorthern AmericaWestern CanadaCanadaBritish Columbia 
1NativeNorthern AmericaWestern CanadaCanadaManitoba 
1NativeNorthern AmericaWestern CanadaCanadaNunavut 
1NativeNorthern AmericaWestern CanadaCanadaSaskatchewan 
2Cultivated    also cult.
Native
Asia-Temperate
  • CAUCASUS: Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation [Dagestan]
  • CHINA: China [Xinjiang]
  • EASTERN ASIA: Japan [Hokkaido, Honshu]
  • MIDDLE ASIA: Kazakhstan (e.), Kyrgyzstan
  • MONGOLIA: Mongolia
  • RUSSIAN FAR EAST: Russian Federation [Khabarovsk, Primorye, Kamchatka]
  • SIBERIA: Russian Federation [Altay, Buryatia, Chita, Gorno-Altay, Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Krasnoyarsk, Novosibirsk, Taymyr, Tomsk, Tuva, Tyumen, Yakutia-Sakha, Yamal Nenets]
  • WESTERN ASIA: Iran, Iraq (n.), Turkey (e.)
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Pakistan
Europe
  • EAST EUROPE: Russian Federation [Nenets]
  • MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Switzerland, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Netherlands, Poland
  • NORTHERN EUROPE: Denmark, Finland, United Kingdom, Norway, Sweden
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Romania
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain, France (incl. Corsica), Portugal
Northern America
  • EASTERN CANADA: Canada [New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec]
  • NORTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [Minnesota, Wisconsin]
  • NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia]
  • NORTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon (n.), Washington (e.), Wyoming]
  • SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Maryland]
  • SUBARCTIC AMERICA: Canada [Northwest Territory, Yukon Territory], United States [Alaska]
  • WESTERN CANADA: Canada [Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Nunavut, Saskatchewan]
Cultivated (also cult.)
Economic Uses
Food additives
Medicines
folklore (fide CRC MedHerbs ed2; Herbs Commerce ed2) –
Vertebrate poisons
mammals (fide Kingsbury; Lampe & McCann) –


NGBT Plant Germplasm System Distribution Policy

Plant germplasm is distributed to scientists, educators, producers and other bona fide research and education entities from National genebank of Tunisia active collection sites. The NGBT Curator and/or Research Leader will, in accordance with current NPGS policies and procedures, determine the legitimacy of a request when necessary.

Distributions to fulfill requests for repatriation of subsamples of germplasm collections to a country or community of origin, especially following natural or man-made catastrophes, are considered a high priority.

Although distributions for research, education, and repatriation are of the highest priority, the NPGS also encourages various seed-saver organizations and public gardens to conduct germplasm conservation activities that engage many individuals and groups throughout the country. Elements of the NPGS cooperate with seed-saver organizations and public gardens and may store germplasm for and distribute germplasm to such organizations.

Distribution of germplasm from NPGS collections to fulfill requests from individuals seeking free germplasm strictly for home use is generally considered an inappropriate use of limited resources and conflicts with U.S. Government policy of not competing with commercial enterprises. Requestors can be asked, in an appropriate manner, to justify the use of specific NPGS germplasm instead of suitable commercially available germplasm.

Accessions listed in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) database as “not available” due to insufficient or low viability seed and/or scheduled for regeneration will generally not be available for distribution.

Other accessions are listed in GRIN as “not available” because they are not a part of the NPGS collection per se, but are conserved in NPGS genebanks to meet specific needs as described later in the section entitled “Categories of Germplasm Distributed and Availability.” In this category are certain accessions of improved germplasm that are only available from the owner/developer. Other accessions require that specific conditions be met by the requestor before distribution is possible.

NPGS sites will not distribute germplasm internationally when they cannot comply with the importation or quarantine requirements of the recipient country unless the requestor can provide a valid waiver of such requirements.