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Taxon:  Carthamus tinctorius L.



Summary
Genus:
Carthamus
Section:
Carthamus
Family:
Asteraceae (alt. Compositae)
Subfamily:
Carduoideae
Tribe:
Cardueae
Subtribe:
Centaureinae
Nomen number:
9243
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 2:830. 1753
Verified:
03/01/2012 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
1 (1  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
No images
Reference(s)
  1. Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin). 2009 Note:
    • based on Alden, B. & S. Ryman. 2005-: SKUD (Swedish Utility and Cultivated Plants Database)
    • http://www.skud.info
  2. Cannon, J. & M. Cannon. Dye plants and dyeing. The Herbert Press & The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 1994
  3. Chapman, M. A. & J. M. Burke. 2007. DNA sequence diversity and the origin of cultivated safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.; Asteraceae). B. M. C. Pl. Biol. 7:60(1-9). Note: http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2229-7-60.pdf
  4. Chapman, M. A. et al. 2010. Population genetic analysis of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius; Asteraceae) reveals a Near Eastern origin and five centers of diversity. Amer. J. Bot. 97:831-840. http://www.amjbot.org
  5. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India. 1992. The wealth of India: a dictionary of Indian raw materials and industrial products. Raw materials (revised edition). New Delhi. 1985-1992 3:302-313.
  6. Davis, P. H., ed. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. 1965-1988
  7. Duke, J. A. et al. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. 2002
  8. Erhardt, W. et al. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen. 2008
  9. Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). http://www.emplantbase.org/home.html
  10. FNA Editorial Committee. Flora of North America. 1993- http://floranorthamerica.org/
  11. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). Note: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Carthamus+tinctorius&quantity=1
  12. Gilbert, L. 2002. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
  13. Hanelt, P., ed. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6. 2001 http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:3:2422827336895397#
  14. Hanelt, P. 1963. Monographische Übersicht der Gattung Carthamus L. (Compositae). Feddes Repert. 67:90-91. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%291522-239Xb/issues
  15. Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17. 1993
  16. Hara, H. et al. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal. 1978-1982
  17. Havel, J. 1995. Rosliny Oleiste. 16:83-90.
  18. Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. Flora of Ethiopia. 1989- (and Eritrea. 2000)
  19. Hnatiuk, R. J. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11. 1990
  20. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares. 2008 http://www2.darwin.edu.ar/Proyectos/FloraArgentina/FA.asp
  21. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. Flora SSSR. 1934-1964
  22. Li, D.-J. & H. H. Mündel. 1997. Safflower. Carthamus tinctorius L.. Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. 1996- 7:1-83. http://www.ipgri.cgiar.org/publications/pubseries.asp?ID_SERIE=37
  23. Li, H. L. et al., eds. Flora of Taiwan. 1975-1979
  24. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. Hortus third. 1976
  25. Magness, J. R. et al. Food and feed crops of the United States. IR Bull. 1. 1971
  26. Markle, G. M. et al., eds. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. 1998
  27. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. 2000 Note: American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, MD
  28. McPherson, M. A. et al. 2004. Theoretical hybridization potential of transgenic safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) with weedy relatives in the New World. Canad. J. Pl. Sci. 84:923-934.
  29. Mouterde, P. Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie. 1966-
  30. Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:87.
  31. Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University. Medicinal plants in the Republic of Korea. WHO Regional Publications Western Pacific Series No. 21. 1998 Note: http://www.wpro.who.int/internet/files/pub/97/59.pdf
  32. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource). http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
  33. Rechinger, K. H., ed. Flora iranica. 1963-
  34. Rehm, S. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. 1994
  35. Ryder, E. J. 1999. Lettuce, endive and chicory. Crop Prod. Sci. Hort. 9:134. Note: mentions
  36. Rzedowski, J. & G. Rzedowski, eds. Flora del Bajio y de regiones adyacentes. 1991- http://www.ecologia.edu.mx/publicaciones/FLOBA.htm
  37. Sehgal, D. et al. 2008. Chloroplast DNA diversity reveals the contribution of two wild species to the origin and evolution of diploid safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Genome 51:638-643.
  38. Sharma, B. D. et al., eds. Flora of India. 1993-
  39. Thulin, M., ed. Flora of Somalia. 1993-
  40. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. Flora europaea. 1964-1980
  41. Walker, E. Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu Islands. 1976
  42. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. Flora of China (English edition). 1994- http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
  43. Zohary, M. & N. Feinbrun-Dothan. Flora palaestina. 1966- Note: mentions
  44. PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource). http://www.prota4u.info/
Common names
English
dyer's-saffron –
false saffron –
safflower –
French
carthame des teinturiers –
safran bâtard –
safranon –
safre –
German
Färberdistel –
Färber-Saflor –
falscher Safran –
Saflor –
Italian
cartamo –
zaffrone –
Japanese Rōmaji
beni-bana –
Portuguese
açaflor –
açafrão-bastardo –
açafroa –
Spanish
alazor –
azafrán bastardo –
cártamo –
Swahili
alizeti ya miba –
kartamu –
Swedish
safflor –
Transcribed Chinese
hong hua –
hong lan hua –
Transcribed Korean
iskkot –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
2Cultivated    lesser cult. elsewhere
2CultivatedAfricaEast Tropical AfricaKenya  
2CultivatedAfricaEast Tropical AfricaTanzania  
2CultivatedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEthiopia  
2CultivatedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaSudan  
2CultivatedAfricaNorthern AfricaAlgeria  
2CultivatedAfricaNorthern AfricaEgypt  
2CultivatedAfricaNorthern AfricaMorocco  
2CultivatedAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZambia  
2CultivatedAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZimbabwe  
2CultivatedAfricaSouthern AfricaBotswana  
2CultivatedAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth Africa  
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaBurkina Faso  
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaMali  
2CultivatedAfricaWest Tropical AfricaNigeria  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateCaucasusAzerbaijan  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateChinaChina  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapan  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateMiddle AsiaKazakhstan  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian Federation-Western SiberiaWestern Siberia 
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaCyprus  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIraq  
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaTurkey  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaMyanmar  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaVietnam  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalMalesiaIndonesia  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalMalesiaMalaysia  
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalMalesiaPhilippines  
2CultivatedAustralasiaAustraliaAustralia  
2CultivatedEuropeMiddle EuropeAustria  
2CultivatedEuropeMiddle EuropeHungary  
2CultivatedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeBosnia and Herzegovina  
2CultivatedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeBulgaria  
2CultivatedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeCroatia  
2CultivatedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeRomania  
2CultivatedNorthern America Canada  
2CultivatedNorthern America Mexico  
2CultivatedNorthern America United States  
2CultivatedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentina  
3AdventiveEuropeMiddle EuropeCzech Republic  
3AdventiveEuropeMiddle EuropeGermany  
3AdventiveEuropeMiddle EuropeNetherlands  
3AdventiveEuropeMiddle EuropePoland  
3AdventiveEuropeMiddle EuropeSlovakia  
3AdventiveEuropeMiddle EuropeSwitzerland  
3AdventiveEuropeNorthern EuropeIreland  
3AdventiveEuropeNorthern EuropeUnited Kingdom  
4NaturalizedAfricaMacaronesiaPortugalMadeira Islands 
4NaturalizedAfricaMacaronesiaSpainCanary Islands 
4NaturalizedAfricaNorthern AfricaEgypt  
4NaturalizedAfricaNorthern AfricaTunisia  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateCaucasusArmenia  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateChinaChinaGansu 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateChinaChinaGuizhou 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateChinaChinaHebei 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateChinaChinaHeilongjiang 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateChinaChinaJiangsu 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateChinaChinaJilin 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateChinaChinaLiaoning 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateChinaChinaNei Monggol 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateChinaChinaQinghai 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateChinaChinaShaanxi 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateChinaChinaShandong 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateChinaChinaShanxi 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateChinaChinaSichuan 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateChinaChinaXinjiang 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateChinaChinaXizang 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateChinaChinaZhejiang 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaLebanon  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaSyria  
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustralia  
4NaturalizedEuropeEast EuropeMoldova  
4NaturalizedEuropeEast EuropeUkraine incl. Krym
4NaturalizedEuropeMiddle EuropeAustria  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeGreece  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItaly  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeSerbia  
4NaturalizedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeSlovenia  
4NaturalizedEuropeSouthwestern EuropeFrance  
4NaturalizedEuropeSouthwestern EuropePortugal  
4NaturalizedEuropeSouthwestern EuropeSpain  
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesIllinois 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesIowa 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesKansas 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesNebraska 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesNorth Dakota 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesMassachusetts 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesOhio 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorthern MexicoMexicoBaja California 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorthern MexicoMexicoSan Luis Potosi 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorthwestern U.S.A.United StatesColorado 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorthwestern U.S.A.United StatesIdaho 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorthwestern U.S.A.United StatesMontana 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorthwestern U.S.A.United StatesOregon 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorthwestern U.S.A.United StatesWashington 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouth-Central U.S.A.United StatesNew Mexico 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthern MexicoMexicoMichoacan 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthwestern U.S.A.United StatesArizona 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthwestern U.S.A.United StatesCalifornia 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthwestern U.S.A.United StatesUtah 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaWestern CanadaCanadaAlberta 
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaWestern CanadaCanadaBritish Columbia 
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentina  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaChile  
6Other    probable origin w. Asia
Cultivated

  • REGION:
Africa
  • EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania
  • NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Ethiopia, Sudan
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria, Egypt, Morocco
  • SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Zambia, Zimbabwe
  • SOUTHERN AFRICA: Botswana, South Africa
  • WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Burkina Faso, Mali, Nigeria
Asia-Temperate
  • CAUCASUS: Azerbaijan
  • CHINA: China
  • EASTERN ASIA: Japan
  • MIDDLE ASIA: Kazakhstan
  • SIBERIA: Russian Federation-Western Siberia [Western Siberia]
  • WESTERN ASIA: Cyprus, Iraq, Turkey
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India
  • INDO-CHINA: Myanmar, Vietnam
  • MALESIA: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia
Europe
  • MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Hungary
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Romania
Northern America
  • REGION: Canada, Mexico, United States
Southern America
  • SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina
Adventive
Europe
  • MIDDLE EUROPE: Switzerland, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia
  • NORTHERN EUROPE: United Kingdom, Ireland
Naturalized
Africa
  • MACARONESIA: Spain [Canary Islands], Portugal [Madeira Islands]
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Egypt, Tunisia
Asia-Temperate
  • CAUCASUS: Armenia
  • CHINA: China [Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Monggol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Zhejiang]
  • WESTERN ASIA: Lebanon, Syria
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia
Europe
  • EAST EUROPE: Moldova, Ukraine (incl. Krym)
  • MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Greece, Italy, Serbia, Slovenia
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain, France, Portugal
Northern America
  • NORTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota]
  • NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Massachusetts, Ohio]
  • NORTHERN MEXICO: Mexico [Baja California, San Luis Potosi]
  • NORTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington]
  • SOUTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [New Mexico]
  • SOUTHERN MEXICO: Mexico [Michoacan]
  • SOUTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [Arizona, California, Utah]
  • WESTERN CANADA: Canada [Alberta, British Columbia]
Southern America
  • SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Chile
Other (probable origin w. Asia)
Economic Uses
Animal food
Bee plants
honey production (fide L. Gilbert, pers. comm. 2002) –
Environmental
ornamental (for cut-flower production (esp. dried flowers) fide L. Gilbert, pers. comm.) –
Food additives
adulterant (of saffron fide F Turk) –
Harmful organism host
crop diseases (fide Crop Prod Sci Hort 9:134.) –
Human food
oil/fat (fide Wealth India RM ed2, 3:310. 1992; PROTA4U) –
Materials
lipids (fide Wealth India RM ed2, 3:310-312. 1992) –
Medicines
folklore (fide CRC MedHerbs ed2; Herbs Commerce ed2) –


NGBT Plant Germplasm System Distribution Policy

Plant germplasm is distributed to scientists, educators, producers and other bona fide research and education entities from National genebank of Tunisia active collection sites. The NGBT Curator and/or Research Leader will, in accordance with current NPGS policies and procedures, determine the legitimacy of a request when necessary.

Distributions to fulfill requests for repatriation of subsamples of germplasm collections to a country or community of origin, especially following natural or man-made catastrophes, are considered a high priority.

Although distributions for research, education, and repatriation are of the highest priority, the NPGS also encourages various seed-saver organizations and public gardens to conduct germplasm conservation activities that engage many individuals and groups throughout the country. Elements of the NPGS cooperate with seed-saver organizations and public gardens and may store germplasm for and distribute germplasm to such organizations.

Distribution of germplasm from NPGS collections to fulfill requests from individuals seeking free germplasm strictly for home use is generally considered an inappropriate use of limited resources and conflicts with U.S. Government policy of not competing with commercial enterprises. Requestors can be asked, in an appropriate manner, to justify the use of specific NPGS germplasm instead of suitable commercially available germplasm.

Accessions listed in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) database as “not available” due to insufficient or low viability seed and/or scheduled for regeneration will generally not be available for distribution.

Other accessions are listed in GRIN as “not available” because they are not a part of the NPGS collection per se, but are conserved in NPGS genebanks to meet specific needs as described later in the section entitled “Categories of Germplasm Distributed and Availability.” In this category are certain accessions of improved germplasm that are only available from the owner/developer. Other accessions require that specific conditions be met by the requestor before distribution is possible.

NPGS sites will not distribute germplasm internationally when they cannot comply with the importation or quarantine requirements of the recipient country unless the requestor can provide a valid waiver of such requirements.