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Taxon:  Salvadora persica L.



Summary
Genus:
Salvadora
Family:
Salvadoraceae
Nomen number:
32819
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 1:122. 1753
Verified:
03/07/2003 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
0 (0  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System. 
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
No images
Reference(s)
  1. Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin). 2009 Note:
    • based on Alden, B. & S. Ryman. 2005-: SKUD (Swedish Utility and Cultivated Plants Database)
    • http://www.skud.info
  2. Alsharhan, A. S. et al., eds. Desertification in the Third Millennium. Proceedings of an International Conference, Dubai, 12-15 February 2000. 2003 http://books.google.com/books?id=acFMCBzB_JMC&pg=PA187&lpg=PA187&dq=Jaradat+halophytes&source=bl&ots=9Sp7cwmMvo&sig=HiGvdJ2W0Nf5VrhJirH1GDoosVg&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=3&ct=result
  3. Arnold, T. H. & B. C. De Wet, eds. Plants of southern Africa: names and distribution. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Africa no. 62. 1993
  4. Aubréville, A. et al., eds. Flore du Cameroun. 1963-
  5. Boulos, L. Flora of Egypt checklist. 1995
  6. Boulos, L. Flora of Egypt. 1999-
  7. Cufodontis, G. Enumeratio plantarum aethiopiae: Spermatophyta. 1953-1972
  8. Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon. 1980-
  9. Exell, A. W. et al., eds. Flora zambesiaca. 1960- http://www.kew.org/efloras/namesearch.do
  10. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). Note: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Salvadora+persica&quantity=1
  11. Hanelt, P., ed. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6. 2001 3:1673. http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:3:2422827336895397#
  12. Hooker, J. D. Flora of British India. 1872-1897
  13. Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2. 1953-1972
  14. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. 2000 Note: American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, MD
  15. Migahid, A. M. Flora of Saudi Arabia, ed. 3. 1988-1990
  16. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. Flora of [West] Pakistan. 1970-
  17. Norton, J. et al. Illustrated checklist of the flora of Qatar. 2009 http://www.unesco.org/new/uploads/media/Plant_Species_Checklist_of_Qatar.pdf
  18. Ozenda, P. Flore du Sahara, ed. 2. 1977
  19. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource). http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
  20. Quézel, P. & S. Santa. Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie. 1962-1963
  21. Rechinger, K. H., ed. Flora iranica. 1963-
  22. Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. Flora of tropical East Africa. 1952-
  23. Wood, J. R. I. A handbook of the flora of Yemen. 1997
  24. Zohary, M. & N. Feinbrun-Dothan. Flora palaestina. 1966-
  25. Webster's third new international dictionary. 1961
Common names
English
toothbrushtree –
Arabic
miswak –
siwaak –
India (Urdu)
peelu –
Swedish
tandborstträd –
Transliterated Arabic
arak –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaKenya  
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaTanzania  
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaUganda  
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEritrea  
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEthiopia  
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaSomalia  
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaSudan  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaAlgeria  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaEgypt  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaMorocco  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaAngola  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaMalawi  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaMozambique  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZambia  
1NativeAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZimbabwe  
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaBotswana  
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaNamibia  
1NativeAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth AfricaTransvaal 
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaMali  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaNiger  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaNigeria  
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaCameroon  
1NativeAfricaWestern Indian OceanMauritius  
1NativeAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaSaudi Arabia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaYemen  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern Asia******  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIran  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaJordan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaSyria  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia n.w.
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentPakistan  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentSri Lanka n.
2Cultivated    also cult.
Native
Africa
  • EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
  • NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria, Egypt, Morocco
  • SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Angola, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe
  • SOUTHERN AFRICA: Botswana, Namibia, South Africa [Transvaal]
  • WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Mali, Niger, Nigeria
  • WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA: Cameroon
  • WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Mauritius
Asia-Temperate
  • ARABIAN PENINSULA: Saudi Arabia, Yemen
  • WESTERN ASIA: Iran, ******, Jordan, Syria
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India (n.w.), Sri Lanka (n.), Pakistan
Cultivated (also cult.)
Economic Uses
Animal food
Human food
oil/fat (fide Desert ThirdMil) –
Medicines
source of chlorhexidine gluconate (for mouthwash fide Herbs Commerce ed2; F Pak; F Palest) –


NGBT Plant Germplasm System Distribution Policy

Plant germplasm is distributed to scientists, educators, producers and other bona fide research and education entities from National genebank of Tunisia active collection sites. The NGBT Curator and/or Research Leader will, in accordance with current NPGS policies and procedures, determine the legitimacy of a request when necessary.

Distributions to fulfill requests for repatriation of subsamples of germplasm collections to a country or community of origin, especially following natural or man-made catastrophes, are considered a high priority.

Although distributions for research, education, and repatriation are of the highest priority, the NPGS also encourages various seed-saver organizations and public gardens to conduct germplasm conservation activities that engage many individuals and groups throughout the country. Elements of the NPGS cooperate with seed-saver organizations and public gardens and may store germplasm for and distribute germplasm to such organizations.

Distribution of germplasm from NPGS collections to fulfill requests from individuals seeking free germplasm strictly for home use is generally considered an inappropriate use of limited resources and conflicts with U.S. Government policy of not competing with commercial enterprises. Requestors can be asked, in an appropriate manner, to justify the use of specific NPGS germplasm instead of suitable commercially available germplasm.

Accessions listed in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) database as “not available” due to insufficient or low viability seed and/or scheduled for regeneration will generally not be available for distribution.

Other accessions are listed in GRIN as “not available” because they are not a part of the NPGS collection per se, but are conserved in NPGS genebanks to meet specific needs as described later in the section entitled “Categories of Germplasm Distributed and Availability.” In this category are certain accessions of improved germplasm that are only available from the owner/developer. Other accessions require that specific conditions be met by the requestor before distribution is possible.

NPGS sites will not distribute germplasm internationally when they cannot comply with the importation or quarantine requirements of the recipient country unless the requestor can provide a valid waiver of such requirements.