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Taxon:  Calotropis procera (Aiton) W. T. Aiton



Summary
Genus:
Calotropis
Family:
Apocynaceae
Subfamily:
Asclepiadoideae
Tribe:
Asclepiadeae
Subtribe:
Asclepiadinae
Nomen number:
8653
Place of publication:
Hortus kew. ed. 2, 2:78. 1811
Comment:
the generic treatment and the species description in Hortus kewensis is not attributed to "Brown mss." so W. T. Aiton is the author of the name (see Melbourne ICN Art. 46 Ex. 23)
Verified:
07/07/2011 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
0 (0  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System. 
Other conspecific taxa
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Basionym
Asclepias procera Aiton

No images
Reference(s)
  1. Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. et al. Flora of St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 78:1-581. 1996
  2. Adams, C. Flowering plants of Jamaica. 1972
  3. Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin). 2009 Note:
    • based on Alden, B. & S. Ryman. 2005-: SKUD (Swedish Utility and Cultivated Plants Database)
    • http://www.skud.info
  4. Arechavaleta, M. et al., eds. Lista preliminar de especies silvestres de Cabo Verde: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres. 2005 http://www.azoresbioportal.angra.uac.pt/files/noticias_Check_List_Cabo_Verde.pdf
  5. Berhaut, J. Flore illustrée du Senegal. 1971-
  6. Brandao, M. 1995. Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br.: uma nova invasora de pastagens já problemática em Minas Gerais (Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br.: a problem pasture invader in Minas Gerais). Daphne 5:68-71. Note: weed in Minas Gerais, Brazil
  7. Chinese Academy of Sciences. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae. 1959-
  8. Correll, D. S. & H. B. Correll. Flora of the Bahama archipelago. 1982
  9. Cufodontis, G. Enumeratio plantarum aethiopiae: Spermatophyta. 1953-1972
  10. Davidse, G. et al., eds. Flora mesoamericana. 1994
  11. Duke, J. A. et al. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. 2002
  12. Duke, J. A. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. 1985
  13. Erhardt, W. et al. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen. 2008
  14. Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource). http://www.emplantbase.org/home.html
  15. Farr, E. R. et al., eds. Index nomina genericorum. 1979; suppl. 1986
  16. Fontella P., J. 1996. pers. comm. Note: re. common names
  17. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource). Note: http://ecocrop.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropListDetails?code=&relation=beginsWith&name=Calotropis+procera&quantity=1
  18. Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource). http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010/
  19. George, A. S., ed. Flora of Australia. 1980-
  20. Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14. 2003
  21. Ghazanfar, S. A. An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of Oman. Scripta Botanica Belgica 2. 1992
  22. Greuter, W. et al., eds. Med-Checklist. 1984-
  23. Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim. 1984-
  24. Hanelt, P., ed. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6. 2001 http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/pls/htmldb_pgrc/f?p=185:3:2422827336895397#
  25. Hansen, A. & P. Sunding. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 4. Sommerfeltia vol. 17. 1993
  26. Hara, H. et al. An enumeration of the flowering plants of Nepal. 1978-1982
  27. Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. Flora of Ethiopia. 1989- (and Eritrea. 2000)
  28. Hnatiuk, R. J. Census of Australian vascular plants. Australian Flora and Fauna Series No. 11. 1990
  29. Hokche, O. et al. Nuevo catálogo de la flora vascular de Venezola. 2008
  30. Holm, L. et al. A geographical atlas of world weeds. 1979
  31. Howard, R. Flora of the lesser Antilles. 1974-1989
  32. Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource). http://www.hear.org/pier/index.html
  33. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares. 2008 http://www2.darwin.edu.ar/Proyectos/FloraArgentina/FA.asp
  34. Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource). http://www.anbg.gov.au/common.names/
  35. Jagtap. A. P. & N. P. Singh. 1999. Asclepiadaceae. Fascicles of flora of India. 1978- 24:11-14.
  36. Kartesz, J. T. North American plant atlas. The Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2011 http://www.bonap.org/MapSwitchboard.html
  37. Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2. 1953-1972
  38. Krings, A. et al. 2005. New and rediscovered milkweeds from Cuba: Calotropis gigantea and Gonolobus stephanotrichus (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae). Willdenowia 35:315-318. http://www.bgbm.org/bgbmpress/willdenowia.htm
  39. Lampe, K. F. & M. A. McCann. AMA handbook of poisonous and injurious plants. 1985 Note: poisonous
  40. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. Hortus third. 1976
  41. Liogier, A. H. Flora of Hispaniola: Part 1; La Flora de la Española. Part II-. 1981-
  42. Liogier, H. A. Descriptive flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands. 1984-
  43. Mabberley, D. J. The plant-book: a portable dictionary of the vascular plants, ed. 2. 1997
  44. McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2. 2000 Note: American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, MD
  45. Migahid, A. M. Flora of Saudi Arabia, ed. 3. 1988-1990
  46. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. Flora of [West] Pakistan. 1970-
  47. Norton, J. et al. Illustrated checklist of the flora of Qatar. 2009 http://www.unesco.org/new/uploads/media/Plant_Species_Checklist_of_Qatar.pdf
  48. Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. Noxious weeds of Australia. 1992 Note: Inkata Press, Melbourne
  49. Proctor, G. R. Flora of the Cayman Islands. Kew Bulletin Additional Series XI. 1984
  50. Rechinger, K. H., ed. Flora iranica. 1963-
  51. Rehm, S. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. 1994
  52. Terrell, E. E. et al. Agric. Handb. no. 505. 1986
  53. Thulin, M., ed. Flora of Somalia. 1993-
  54. Weber, E. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds. 2003
  55. Wood, J. R. I. A handbook of the flora of Yemen. 1997
  56. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. Flora of China (English edition). 1994- Note: cultivated
  57. Zohary, M. & N. Feinbrun-Dothan. Flora palaestina. 1966-
Common names
English
apple-of-Sodom –
auricula-tree –
cabbagetree –
camelweed –
French-cotton –
giant-milkweed –
kapoktree –
Prince-of-Wales crown –
rubberbush –
rubbertree –
small crownflower –
Sodom-apple –
Sodom's-milkweed –
swallowwort –
Arabic
ashkhar –
'ushar –
French
arbre à soie –
calotrope –
German
Mudarpflanze –
Oscherstrauch –
India
aak –
akada –
rui –
India (Hindi)
madar –
mudar –
Italian
calotropo –
Portuguese
algodão-de-seda –
Spanish
calotropis –
Swedish
gråbladig kronbuske –
unknown
akund –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaKenya  
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaTanzania  
1NativeAfricaEast Tropical AfricaUganda  
1NativeAfricaMacaronesiaCabo Verde  
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEritrea  
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEthiopia  
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaSomalia  
1NativeAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaSudan  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaAlgeria  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaEgypt  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaLibya  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaMorocco  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaGambia  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaGhana  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaGuinea-Bissau  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaMauritania  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaNigeria  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaSenegal  
1NativeAfricaWest Tropical AfricaSierra Leone  
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaCameroon  
1NativeAfricaWest-Central Tropical AfricaEquatorial GuineaBioko 
1NativeAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaOman  
1NativeAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaSaudi Arabia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaYemen  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern Asia******  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaAfghanistan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaEgyptSinai 
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIran  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaJordan  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentNepal  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentPakistan  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaMyanmar  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaThailand  
1NativeAsia-TropicalIndo-ChinaVietnam  
4NaturalizedAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth AfricaNorth West 
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustralia  
4NaturalizedNorthern America Mexico  
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouthwestern U.S.A.United StatesCalifornias.
4NaturalizedPacificNorth-Central PacificUnited StatesHawaii 
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazil  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanAnguilla  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanAntigua and Barbuda  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanBahamas  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanCayman Islands  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanCuba  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanDominican Republic  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanGuadeloupe  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanHaiti  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanJamaica  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanMartinique  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanMontserrat  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanPuerto Rico  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanSt. Vincent and Grenadines  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanVirgin Islands (British)  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanVirgin Islands (U.S.)  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaMesoamericaCosta Rica  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaMesoamericaEl Salvador  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaMesoamericaGuatemala  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaMesoamericaHonduras  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaMesoamericaNicaragua  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaMesoamericaPanama  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaNorthern South AmericaVenezuela  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaParaguay  
Native
Africa
  • EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
  • MACARONESIA: Cabo Verde
  • NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco
  • WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Ghana, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone
  • WEST-CENTRAL TROPICAL AFRICA: Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea [Bioko]
Asia-Temperate
  • ARABIAN PENINSULA: Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen
  • WESTERN ASIA: Afghanistan, Egypt [Sinai], Iran, ******, Jordan
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India, Nepal, Pakistan
  • INDO-CHINA: Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam
Naturalized
Africa
  • SOUTHERN AFRICA: South Africa [North West]
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia
Northern America
  • REGION: Mexico
  • SOUTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [California (s.)]
Pacific
  • NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii]
Southern America
  • BRAZIL: Brazil
  • CARIBBEAN: Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Montserrat, Martinique, Puerto Rico, St. Vincent and Grenadines, Virgin Islands (British), Virgin Islands (U.S.)
  • MESOAMERICA: Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, El Salvador
  • NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Venezuela
  • SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Paraguay
Economic Uses
Medicines
Vertebrate poisons
mammals (fide Lampe & McCann; Use Pl WT Afr) –
Weed
(fide Noxweed Aust; Invasive Pl Spec) –


NGBT Plant Germplasm System Distribution Policy

Plant germplasm is distributed to scientists, educators, producers and other bona fide research and education entities from National genebank of Tunisia active collection sites. The NGBT Curator and/or Research Leader will, in accordance with current NPGS policies and procedures, determine the legitimacy of a request when necessary.

Distributions to fulfill requests for repatriation of subsamples of germplasm collections to a country or community of origin, especially following natural or man-made catastrophes, are considered a high priority.

Although distributions for research, education, and repatriation are of the highest priority, the NPGS also encourages various seed-saver organizations and public gardens to conduct germplasm conservation activities that engage many individuals and groups throughout the country. Elements of the NPGS cooperate with seed-saver organizations and public gardens and may store germplasm for and distribute germplasm to such organizations.

Distribution of germplasm from NPGS collections to fulfill requests from individuals seeking free germplasm strictly for home use is generally considered an inappropriate use of limited resources and conflicts with U.S. Government policy of not competing with commercial enterprises. Requestors can be asked, in an appropriate manner, to justify the use of specific NPGS germplasm instead of suitable commercially available germplasm.

Accessions listed in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) database as “not available” due to insufficient or low viability seed and/or scheduled for regeneration will generally not be available for distribution.

Other accessions are listed in GRIN as “not available” because they are not a part of the NPGS collection per se, but are conserved in NPGS genebanks to meet specific needs as described later in the section entitled “Categories of Germplasm Distributed and Availability.” In this category are certain accessions of improved germplasm that are only available from the owner/developer. Other accessions require that specific conditions be met by the requestor before distribution is possible.

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