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Taxon:  Raphanus raphanistrum L.



Summary
Genus:
Raphanus
Family:
Brassicaceae (alt. Cruciferae)
Tribe:
Brassiceae
Nomen number:
30856
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 2:669. 1753
Verified:
08/06/2008 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
3 (3  active, 0  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Raphanus raphanistrum L. subsp. landra (Moretti ex DC.) Bonnier & Layens (1 active accession[s])
Raphanus raphanistrum L. subsp. raphanistrum (1 active accession[s])
Raphanus raphanistrum L. subsp. rostratus (DC.) Thell. (0 active accession[s])
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
No images
Reference(s)
  1. Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & M. T. Strong. Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 98. 2012
  2. Akhani, H. 2003. Notes on the flora of Iran: 4. Two new records and synopsis of the new data on Iranian Cruciferae since Flora Iranica. Candollea 58:379.
  3. Aldén, B., S. Ryman & M. Hjertson. Våra kulturväxters namn - ursprung och användning. Formas, Stockholm (Handbook on Swedish cultivated and utility plants, their names and origin). 2009 Note:
    • based on Alden, B. & S. Ryman. 2005-: SKUD (Swedish Utility and Cultivated Plants Database)
    • http://www.skud.info
  4. Ali, S. I. & S. M. H. Jafri, eds. Flora of Libya. 1976-
  5. Allan, H. H. B. et al. Flora of New Zealand. 1961- http://floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz/pages/index.aspx
  6. Bosser, J. M. et al., eds. Flores des Mascareignes. 1976-
  7. Brako, L. & J. L. Zarucchi. Catalogue of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45. 1993
  8. Chinese Academy of Sciences. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae. 1959-
  9. CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY (Grass weeds 1. 1980, 2. 1981; Monocot weeds 3. 1982; Dicot weeds 1. 1988) Note: four books on weeds worldwide in scope
  10. Cufodontis, G. Enumeratio plantarum aethiopiae: Spermatophyta. 1953-1972
  11. Davis, P. H., ed. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. 1965-1988
  12. Duke, J. A. et al. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs. 2002
  13. Erhardt, W. et al. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen. 2008
  14. Eriksson, O. et al. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 2. 1979
  15. Exell, A. W. et al., eds. Flora zambesiaca. 1960- http://www.kew.org/efloras/namesearch.do
  16. FitzJohn, R. G. et al. 2007. Hybridisation within Brassica and allied genera: evaluation of potential for transgene escape. Euphytica 158:209-230.
  17. FNA Editorial Committee. Flora of North America. 1993- http://floranorthamerica.org/
  18. Forzza, R. C. et al., coord. Lista de espécies da flora do Brasil (on-line resource). http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010/
  19. George, A. S., ed. Flora of Australia. 1980-
  20. Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14. 2003
  21. Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. 1963
  22. Greuter, W. et al., eds. Med-Checklist. 1984-
  23. Grierson, A. J. C. & D. J. Long. Flora of Bhutan including a record of plants from Sikkim. 1984-
  24. Groth, D. 2005. pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
  25. Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. Flora of Ethiopia. 1989- (and Eritrea. 2000)
  26. Hegi, G. et al. Illustrierte Flora von Mittel-Europa. ed. 1:1906-1931; ed. 2:1936-68; ed. 3:1966-
  27. Holm, L. et al. A geographical atlas of world weeds. 1979
  28. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares. 2008 http://www2.darwin.edu.ar/Proyectos/FloraArgentina/FA.asp
  29. Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource). http://www.anbg.gov.au/common.names/
  30. Iwatsuki, K. et al. Flora of Japan. 1993-
  31. Izquierdo Z., I. et al., eds. Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres. 2004 http://www.gobcan.es/cmayot/interreg/atlantico/documentos/LESDCanarias.pdf
  32. Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75. 1999
  33. Jalas, J. & J. Suominen. Atlas florae europaeae. 1972-
  34. Kartesz, J. T. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. 1994
  35. Kellerman, T. S. et al. Plant poisonings and mycotoxicoses of livestock in Southern Africa. 1988 Note: poisonous
  36. Kingsbury, J. M. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. 1964 Note: poisonous
  37. Koelling, V. A. & K. Karoly. 2007. Self-pollen interference is absent in wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum, Brassicaceae), a species with sporophytic self-incompatibility. Amer. J. Bot. 94:896-900. http://www.amjbot.org
  38. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. Flora SSSR. 1934-1964
  39. Krasnoborov, I. M., ed. Flora of Siberia (English translation). 2000-
  40. Kunakh, V. A. et al. 2008. Mixoploidy in wild and cultivated species of Cruciferae capable of hybridizing with rapeseed Brassica napus. Cytol. & Genet. 42:204-209. Note: Translation of: Tsitologiya i genetika. Kiev
  41. Lefol, E. et al. 1997. Sexual hybridisation in crosses of cultivated Brassica species with the crucifers Erucastrum gallicum and Raphanus raphanistrum: potential for gene introgression. Euphytica 95:127-139.
  42. Miller, A. G. & T. A. Cope. Flora of the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra. 1996-
  43. Mouterde, P. Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie. 1966-
  44. Munro, D. B. Canadian poisonous plants information system (on-line resource). http://www.cbif.gc.ca/pls/pp/poison?p_x=px
  45. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. Flora of [West] Pakistan. 1970-
  46. Parsons, W. T. & E. G. Cuthbertson. Noxious weeds of Australia. 1992 Note: Inkata Press, Melbourne
  47. Pistrick, K. 1987. Untersuchungen zur Systematik der Gattung Raphanus L.. Kulturpflanze 35:225-321.
  48. Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource). http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Frontpage.html
  49. Rechinger, K. H., ed. Flora iranica. 1963-
  50. Rehm, S. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. 1994
  51. Sahli, H. F. et al. 2008. Adaptive differentiation of quantitative traits in the globally distributed weed, wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum). Genetics 180:945-955.
  52. Seed Regulatory and Testing Division, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act (updated annually). http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/getfile?dDocName=STELPRDC5090172
  53. Sharma, B. D. et al., eds. Flora of India. 1993-
  54. Silva, L. et al. Listagem da fauna e flora terrestres dos Açores. Lista des plantas vasculares (Pteridophyta e Spermatophyta). 2005 http://www.azores.gov.pt/NR/rdonlyres/3E255F0D-6AFD-4EF8-974D-CF920B5F933E/126780/42_Pteridophyta_Spermatophyta1.pdf
  55. Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. Flora of Guatemala. 1946-1976
  56. Stevens, W. D. et al., eds. Flora de Nicaragua. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85(1-3). 2001
  57. Terrell, E. E. et al. Agric. Handb. no. 505. 1986
  58. Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. Flora of Iraq. 1966-
  59. Turrill, W. B. et al., eds. Flora of tropical East Africa. 1952-
  60. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. Flora europaea, second edition. 1993
  61. USDA/ARS. INVADERS database system. The University of Montana (on-line resource). http://invader.dbs.umt.edu/Noxious_Weeds/
  62. Vibrans, H., ed. Malezas de México (on-line resource). Note: http://www.conabio.gob.mx/malezasdemexico/brassicaceae/raphanus-raphanistrum/fichas/pagina1.htm
  63. Wagner, W. L. et al. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai'i. 1990
  64. Warwick, S. I. & A. Francis. 2005. The biology of Canadian weeds. 132. Raphanus raphanistrum L.. Canad. J. Pl. Sci. 85:709-733.
  65. Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. Flora of China (English edition). 1994- http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2
  66. Yamagishi, H. & T. Terachi. 2003. Multiple origins of cultivated radishes as evidenced by a comparison of the structural variations in mitochondrial DNA of Raphanus. Genome 46:89-94.
  67. Yamagishi, H. et al. 2009. Inter- and intraspecific sequence variations of the chloroplast genome in wild and cultivated Raphanus. Pl. Breed. (New York) 128:172-177.
  68. Yamame, K. et al. 2005. Chloroplast DNA variations of cultivated radish and its wild relatives. Pl. Sci. (Elsevier) 168:627-634.
  69. Yamane, K. et al. 2009. Multiple origins and high genetic diversity of cultivated radish inferred from polymorphism in chloroplast simple sequence repeats. Breed. Sci. 59:55-65.
  70. Zohary, M. & N. Feinbrun-Dothan. Flora palaestina. 1966-
Common names
English
jointed charlock –
jointed radish –
jointed wild radish –
sea radish –
white charlock –
wild radish –
French
ravenelle –
German
Hederich –
Portuguese (Brazil)
nabiça –
nabo –
rabanete-de-cavalo –
rabanete-selvagem –
rabanete-silvestre –
Spanish
rábano silvestre –
rabanillo blanco –
rabaniza –
Swedish
åkerrättika –
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNote
1NativeAfricaMacaronesiaPortugalMadeira Islands 
1NativeAfricaMacaronesiaSpainCanary Islands 
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaAlgeria n.
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaEgypt n.
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaLibya n.
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaMorocco  
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaTunisia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusArmenia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusAzerbaijan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusGeorgia  
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusRussian Federation-CiscaucasiaCiscaucasia 
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern Asia******  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaCyprus  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIran  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIraq  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaJordan  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaLebanon  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaSyria  
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaTurkey  
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeBelarus  
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeEstonia  
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeLatvia  
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeLithuania  
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeMoldova  
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeRussian Federation-European partEuropean part 
1NativeEuropeEast EuropeUkraine incl. Krym
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeAustria  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeBelgium  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeCzech Republic  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeGermany  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeHungary  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeNetherlands  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropePoland  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeSlovakia  
1NativeEuropeMiddle EuropeSwitzerland  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeDenmark  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeFinland  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeIreland  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeNorway  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeSweden  
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeUnited Kingdom  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeAlbania  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeBosnia and Herzegovina  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeBulgaria  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeCroatia  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeGreece incl. Crete
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItaly incl. Sardinia, Sicily
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeMontenegro  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeNorth Macedonia  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeRomania  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeSerbia  
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeSlovenia  
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeFrance incl. Corsica
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropePortugal  
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeSpain incl. Baleares
4NaturalizedAfricaEast Tropical AfricaKenya  
4NaturalizedAfricaEast Tropical AfricaTanzania  
4NaturalizedAfricaMacaronesiaPortugalAzores 
4NaturalizedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEritrea  
4NaturalizedAfricaNortheast Tropical AfricaEthiopia  
4NaturalizedAfricaSouth Tropical AfricaZimbabwe  
4NaturalizedAfricaSouthern AfricaLesotho  
4NaturalizedAfricaSouthern AfricaSouth Africa  
4NaturalizedAfricaWestern Indian OceanMauritius  
4NaturalizedAfricaWestern Indian OceanReunion  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaBahrain  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaOman  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaSaudi Arabia  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaYemen  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateChinaChinaQinghai 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateChinaChinaSichuan 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapanHokkaido 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapanHonshu 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaJapanShikoku 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateEastern AsiaTaiwan  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateMongoliaMongolia  
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateRussian Far EastRussian Federation-Far EastFar East 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian Federation-Eastern SiberiaEastern Siberia 
4NaturalizedAsia-TemperateSiberiaRussian Federation-Western SiberiaWestern Siberia 
4NaturalizedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndiaSikkim 
4NaturalizedAustralasiaAustraliaAustralia  
4NaturalizedAustralasiaNew ZealandNew Zealand  
4NaturalizedNorthern America Canada  
4NaturalizedNorthern America Mexico  
4NaturalizedNorthern America United States  
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaEastern CanadaSt. Pierre and Miquelon  
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSubarctic AmericaGreenland  
4NaturalizedPacificNorth-Central PacificUnited StatesHawaii 
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaBrazilBrazil  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanBahamas  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanCuba  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaCaribbeanHispaniola  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaMesoamericaGuatemala  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaMesoamericaNicaragua  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaArgentina  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaChile  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaParaguay  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaUruguay  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaEcuador  
4NaturalizedSouthern AmericaWestern South AmericaPeru  
Native
Africa
  • MACARONESIA: Spain [Canary Islands], Portugal [Madeira Islands]
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria (n.), Egypt (n.), Libya (n.), Morocco, Tunisia
Asia-Temperate
  • CAUCASUS: Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia
  • WESTERN ASIA: Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, ******, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
Europe
  • EAST EUROPE: Russian Federation-European part [European part], Belarus, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Moldova, Ukraine (incl. Krym)
  • MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia
  • NORTHERN EUROPE: Denmark, Finland, United Kingdom, Ireland, Norway, Sweden
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece (incl. Crete), Croatia, Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily), North Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain (incl. Baleares), France (incl. Corsica), Portugal
Naturalized
Africa
  • EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya, Tanzania
  • MACARONESIA: Portugal [Azores]
  • NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Eritrea, Ethiopia
  • SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Zimbabwe
  • SOUTHERN AFRICA: Lesotho, South Africa
  • WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: Mauritius, Reunion
Asia-Temperate
  • ARABIAN PENINSULA: Bahrain, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen
  • CHINA: China [Sichuan, Qinghai]
  • EASTERN ASIA: Japan [Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku], Taiwan
  • MONGOLIA: Mongolia
  • RUSSIAN FAR EAST: Russian Federation-Far East [Far East]
  • SIBERIA: Russian Federation-Western Siberia [Western Siberia], Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia [Eastern Siberia]
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India [Sikkim]
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia
  • NEW ZEALAND: New Zealand
Northern America
  • REGION: Canada, Mexico, United States
  • EASTERN CANADA: St. Pierre and Miquelon
  • SUBARCTIC AMERICA: Greenland
Pacific
  • NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii]
Southern America
  • BRAZIL: Brazil
  • CARIBBEAN: Hispaniola, Bahamas, Cuba
  • MESOAMERICA: Guatemala, Nicaragua
  • SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay
  • WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Ecuador, Peru
Economic Uses
Medicines
Vertebrate poisons
mammals (fide Kingsbury; Kellerman et al.) –
Weed
potential seed contaminant (fide Weed CIBA) –


NGBT Plant Germplasm System Distribution Policy

Plant germplasm is distributed to scientists, educators, producers and other bona fide research and education entities from National genebank of Tunisia active collection sites. The NGBT Curator and/or Research Leader will, in accordance with current NPGS policies and procedures, determine the legitimacy of a request when necessary.

Distributions to fulfill requests for repatriation of subsamples of germplasm collections to a country or community of origin, especially following natural or man-made catastrophes, are considered a high priority.

Although distributions for research, education, and repatriation are of the highest priority, the NPGS also encourages various seed-saver organizations and public gardens to conduct germplasm conservation activities that engage many individuals and groups throughout the country. Elements of the NPGS cooperate with seed-saver organizations and public gardens and may store germplasm for and distribute germplasm to such organizations.

Distribution of germplasm from NPGS collections to fulfill requests from individuals seeking free germplasm strictly for home use is generally considered an inappropriate use of limited resources and conflicts with U.S. Government policy of not competing with commercial enterprises. Requestors can be asked, in an appropriate manner, to justify the use of specific NPGS germplasm instead of suitable commercially available germplasm.

Accessions listed in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) database as “not available” due to insufficient or low viability seed and/or scheduled for regeneration will generally not be available for distribution.

Other accessions are listed in GRIN as “not available” because they are not a part of the NPGS collection per se, but are conserved in NPGS genebanks to meet specific needs as described later in the section entitled “Categories of Germplasm Distributed and Availability.” In this category are certain accessions of improved germplasm that are only available from the owner/developer. Other accessions require that specific conditions be met by the requestor before distribution is possible.

NPGS sites will not distribute germplasm internationally when they cannot comply with the importation or quarantine requirements of the recipient country unless the requestor can provide a valid waiver of such requirements.